THC affects areas of the brain responsible for memory, attention, learning, and decision-making. Because the brain continues developing into the mid-20s, regular cannabis use during adolescence can make it harder to learn, concentrate, and stay motivated.
Cannabis Use Prevention
Talking with your child about cannabis can feel challenging, but this conversation matters.
Young people are growing up in a world where cannabis is legal for adults and may seem more socially acceptable than ever before. They may hear mixed messages from friends, social media, or online influencers. Having open, honest conversations early, and continuing them as your child grows, can help them make informed, healthy decisions.
Parents and caregivers play an important role in preventing or delaying cannabis use.
What is cannabis?
Cannabis is a substance that comes from the cannabis plant. It contains many chemicals, including THC (tetrahydrocannabinol), the ingredient that causes the "high", and CBD (cannabidiol), which does not produce intoxicating effects.
Cannabis can be used in different ways, including:
- Smoking dried cannabis
- Vaping cannabis extracts
- Eating or drinking cannabis products (edibles)
- Oils, capsules, concentrates, and other products
Today's cannabis products may contain much higher levels of THC than products available in the past, increasing the risk of harmful effects.
Is cannabis safe for youth?
No amount of cannabis use is considered safe for youth. Young people are more vulnerable to its effects because the brain continues developing until about age 25. Starting cannabis use at an earlier age and using it regularly increases the risk of negative health, mental health, and learning outcomes.
Cannabis vaping: what parents should know
Cannabis vaping has become increasingly common among youth. Not An Experiment shares substance use survey data that show nearly three-quarters of Canadian youth cannabis users reported using vape pens or cartridges in the previous year. In addition, vaping devices are now one of the most common ways youth consume cannabis.
Cannabis vapes often contain concentrated THC, which can produce stronger effects than dried cannabis flower. These products may also contain flavourings, solvents, and additives that can be harmful when heated and inhaled.
Health risks for youth
Brain development and learning
Regular cannabis use has been associated with increased risks of anxiety, depression, and psychosis. Higher-THC products, including many vape products and concentrates, may increase these risks, particularly among youth and those with a personal or family history of mental illness.
Cannabis can be addictive. The more often cannabis is used, the greater the risk of dependence. High-potency vape products may increase tolerance over time, leading some youth to use more frequently.
Vaping cannabis can irritate airways and damage lung tissue. Heating cannabis oils and flavourings may create chemicals that contribute to coughing, chest discomfort, and shortness of breath. Cannabis use can also increase heart rate and blood pressure.
Cannabis affects concentration, coordination, reaction time, and judgment. Not only does driving a motorized vehicle after using cannabis increases the risk of collisions and serious injury, it is illegal.
Signs your child may be using cannabis
Changes in behaviour do not always mean a young person is using cannabis, but they may be worth paying attention to. Some possible signs include:
- Changes in friend groups
- Declining grades or loss of interest in school
- Mood changes or increased irritability
- Changes in sleep patterns
- Red or bloodshot eyes
- Strong odours on clothing or belongings
- Secretive behaviour
- Loss of motivation or interest in usual activities
If you notice several changes over time, start a conversation with curiosity rather than jumping to conclusions.
Talking with your child about cannabis
Having ongoing conversations can help youth feel more comfortable talking about substance use and asking questions. Consider:
- Starting conversations early and continuing them regularly.
- Asking open-ended questions rather than lecturing.
- Listening without judgment.
- Discussing how cannabis can affect health, relationships, school, sports, and hobbies.
- Talking about the risks of high-THC products and cannabis vaping.
- Encouraging healthy ways to manage stress and emotions.
- Helping youth develop confidence and refusal skills when faced with peer pressure.
Safe storage of cannabis at home
If cannabis is kept in the home:
- Store it locked up and out of sight.
- Keep it in its original child-resistant packaging.
- Never leave edibles where children or youth may mistake them for food.
- Dispose of unused cannabis safely.
Secure storage helps prevent accidental poisoning and unauthorized use.
Learn more
- Cannabis | Not An Experiment. Youth-friendly information about cannabis, cannabis vaping, THC, health effects, and strategies for prevention.
- Cannabis | Substance Canada. Clear, accessible, evidence‑based information to help Canadians understand cannabis risks, support informed decision‑making, and promote safer, stigma‑free conversations about use.
- Cannabis Talk Kit | Drug Free Kids Canada. Practical, evidence-based resource that helps adults have supportive, non judgmental, health focused conversations with young people about cannabis. It offers guidance, sample scripts, and harm reduction strategies to make these discussions easier and more effective.
- Is cannabis safe to use? Facts for youth aged 13–17 years | Health Canada. Evidence-based information on the health effects of cannabis for youth.
Kids Help Phone. Canada's free, confidential 24/7 support service for youth. Call 1-800-668-6868 or text CONNECT to 686868.